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Post-1920
The Negro National League (NNL) was one of the several Negro Leagues which were established during the period in the United States in which organized baseball was segregated. more...
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Led by Rube Foster, owner and manager of the Chicago American Giants, the NNL was established on February 13, 1920 by a coalition of team owners at a meeting in a Kansas City YMCA. The new league was the first African-American baseball circuit to achieve stability and last more than one season. At first the league operated mainly in midwestern cities, ranging from Kansas City in the west to Pittsburgh in the east; in 1924 it expanded into the south, adding franchises in Birmingham and Memphis.
The two most important east coast clubs, the Hilldale Club of Darby, Pennsylvania, and the Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, were affiliated with the NNL as associate clubs from 1920 to 1922, but did not compete for the championship. In 1923 they and four other eastern teams formed the Eastern Colored League (ECL) and raided the NNL for many of its top players, including Oscar Charleston, John Henry Lloyd, Biz Mackey, Heavy Johnson, George Scales, George Carr, Clint Thomas, and Reuben Currie. The war between the two leagues came to an end in 1924, when they agreed to respect one another's contracts and arranged for the Negro League World Series between their champions.
The NNL survived controversies over umpiring, scheduling, and what some perceived as league president Rube Foster's disproportionate influence and favoritism toward his own team. It also outlasted Foster's decline into mental illness in 1926, and its eastern rival, the ECL, which folded in early 1928. The NNL finally fell apart in 1931 under the economic stress of the Great Depression.
A new Negro National League was organized in 1933, but eventually became concentrated on the east coast. The Negro American League, founded in 1937 and including several of the same teams that played in the original Negro National League, would eventually carry on as the western circuit of black baseball.
Negro National League Franchises
- Annual final standings: 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931
Chicago American Giants (1920-1931) — Known as the Chicago Columbia Giants in 1931.;
Chicago Giants (1920-1921);
Cuban Stars (1920-1930) — Known as the Cincinnati Cubans in 1921.;
Dayton Marcos (1920, 1926);
Detroit Stars (1920-1931);
Indianapolis ABCs (1920-1924, 1925-1926) — Dropped from league mid-season 1924 but returned the following season.;
Kansas City Monarchs (1920-1931);
St. Louis Giants (1920-1921) — Replaced by St. Louis Stars in 1922, which was virtually the same team with new owners.;
Columbus Buckeyes (1921);
St. Louis Stars (1922-1931) — Replaced the St. Louis Giants.;
Cleveland Tate Stars (1922-1923) — Dropped out mid-season 1923.;
Pittsburgh Keystones (1922);
Milwaukee Bears (1923);
Toledo Tigers (1923) — Mid-season replacement for Cleveland Tate Stars.;
Birmingham Black Barons (1924-1925, 1927-1930);
Cleveland Browns (1924);
Memphis Red Sox (1924-1925, 1927-1930) — Mid-season replacement in 1924 for Indianapolis ABCs.;
Cleveland Elites (1926) — Closely related to both Cleveland Hornets and Cleveland Tigers.;
Cleveland Hornets (1927) — Closely related to both Cleveland Elites and Cleveland Tigers.;
Cleveland Tigers (1928) — Closely related to both Cleveland Hornets and Cleveland Elites.;
Nashville Elite Giants (1930-1931) — Became Cleveland Cubs for 1931 season.;
Indianapolis ABCs (2nd team) (1931);
Louisville White Sox (1931);
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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